1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:01,640 VOICE-OVER: Welcome to the tutorial... 2 00:00:01,760 --> 00:00:05,600 for using ConsExpo Web's vapour release modes... 3 00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:11,640 to estimate the inhalation of vapours released in consumer exposure scenarios. 4 00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:16,080 The tutorial includes an introduction to the instantaneous release... 5 00:00:16,200 --> 00:00:19,360 constant rate and evaporation modes... 6 00:00:19,480 --> 00:00:24,080 and content about the input fields that are specific to these modes. 7 00:00:24,200 --> 00:00:27,400 In this introduction, we briefly explain the vapour modes... 8 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,080 included in ConsExpo Web... 9 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:32,880 so that you are able to select the mode that is appropriate... 10 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,720 for your specific consumer exposure scenario. 11 00:00:36,840 --> 00:00:40,400 ConsExpo Web includes vapour exposure scenarios... 12 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:43,160 in which the consumer uses a liquid product... 13 00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:47,000 from which volatile substances evaporate into the room. 14 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:51,280 Examples of such products are paints, cleaning products... 15 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:53,600 and liquid air fresheners. 16 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:55,880 All of ConsExpo Web's vapour modes... 17 00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:02,120 require the user to enter a value for exposure duration, room volume... 18 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:05,800 ventilation rate and inhalation rate... 19 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:09,480 and provide the option to enter a value for absorption... 20 00:01:09,600 --> 00:01:12,560 to assess internal inhalation exposure. 21 00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:15,080 This applies to all inhalation modes... 22 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:17,520 and is therefore explained in the introduction... 23 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:20,240 to the inhalation modes tutorial. 24 00:01:20,360 --> 00:01:23,840 The instantaneous release mode is the simples vapour mode... 25 00:01:23,960 --> 00:01:26,440 included in ConsExpo Web. 26 00:01:26,560 --> 00:01:31,560 It simply assumes that all of the substance is released into the room at once. 27 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:35,880 Note that the concentration in the air immediately reaches its peak... 28 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,120 as the substance is released immediately. 29 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:41,680 As such, the instantaneous release mode... 30 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:45,720 also delivers the highest simulated exposure dose. 31 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:50,280 This mode is most suitable for cases for which limited data are available... 32 00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:53,320 or when the user wants to obtain a conservative estimate... 33 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:55,240 of inhalation exposure. 34 00:01:55,360 --> 00:02:00,880 The constant rate mode assumes that the substance is gradually released over time. 35 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:03,320 The concentration in the air increases... 36 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:07,680 as the substance evaporates at a constant rate over time. 37 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:10,880 The release stops once the substance is depleted... 38 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:14,800 as in the case, for example, of a long-lasting air freshener... 39 00:02:14,920 --> 00:02:17,160 or when the emission source is removed... 40 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:21,200 for example when a bucket of cleaning product is flushed down the drain... 41 00:02:21,320 --> 00:02:23,520 or when a bottle is closed. 42 00:02:23,640 --> 00:02:29,480 The evaporation mode is ConsExpo Web's most complex vapour mode. 43 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:34,240 It simulates the evaporation of a substance from a product or treated surface... 44 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:37,280 based on its vapour pressure, molecular weight... 45 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:42,120 and the properties of the liquid product matrix containing the substance. 46 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:45,480 This mode is more precise than the instantaneous release... 47 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:47,240 and constant rate modes... 48 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:52,000 but also requires a higher level of detail in the input fields. 49 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:54,400 We will now explain the inputs that are required... 50 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:59,600 specifically for the instantaneous release and constant rate release modes. 51 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:03,600 Both release modes require the user to enter a product amount... 52 00:03:03,720 --> 00:03:09,120 which refers to the amount of liquid product used in the consumer exposure scenario... 53 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:13,400 expressed as a unit of mass, such as grams or milligrams. 54 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:16,600 The constant rate release mode also requires the user... 55 00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:18,920 to enter the emission duration. 56 00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:24,200 This duration refers to the time during which the substance is released into the room. 57 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:26,800 In a consumer exposure scenario... 58 00:03:26,920 --> 00:03:31,200 this may be the time between the moment a product is applied to a surface... 59 00:03:31,320 --> 00:03:34,280 and the moment it is wiped off that surface... 60 00:03:34,400 --> 00:03:38,120 the time between the moment a product is poured into a container... 61 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:40,680 and the moment it is flushed down the drain... 62 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:45,720 or the time during which a container holding a liquid product is left opened. 63 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:48,920 The emission duration is expressed as a unit of time... 64 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:51,880 such as minutes, hours or days. 65 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:55,480 Both the instantaneous and the constant rate release modes... 66 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:58,360 provide the option to limit the air concentration... 67 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:01,160 to the saturated vapour pressure. 68 00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:05,280 When choosing this option, ConsExpo Web simulates a balance... 69 00:04:05,400 --> 00:04:08,120 between the concentration of the substance in the air... 70 00:04:08,240 --> 00:04:12,760 and the amount of the substance deposited onto the walls, floor or furniture... 71 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:15,160 as displayed here in the animation... 72 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:18,680 of cleaning a floor with a cleaning product and a mop. 73 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:21,000 In order to calculate this balance... 74 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:24,520 ConsExpo Web requires the user to enter values... 75 00:04:24,640 --> 00:04:28,160 for the vapour pressure and molecular weight of the substance... 76 00:04:28,280 --> 00:04:31,840 as well as the temperature at which the product is applied. 77 00:04:31,960 --> 00:04:36,040 Usually, this application temperature is the room temperature... 78 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:39,960 which is set to 20 degrees Celsius by default. 79 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:45,200 Please note that the balance between the concentration of the substance in the air... 80 00:04:45,320 --> 00:04:46,840 and the amount of the substance... 81 00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:50,680 is maintained during the release of the substance from the product... 82 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:55,800 and throughout the reduction of the concentration in the air due to ventilation. 83 00:04:56,760 --> 00:05:00,360 The consequence of including the option to limit the air concentration... 84 00:05:00,480 --> 00:05:02,640 to the saturated vapour pressure... 85 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:06,560 is that the peak of the concentration in the air is lower... 86 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:11,560 but the reduced concentration may persist over a longer period of time. 87 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:17,000 The upcoming graphs display typical simulations of an instantaneous release... 88 00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:18,880 constant rate release... 89 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:24,080 and constant rate release with the saturated vapour pressure option selected. 90 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:27,800 The concentration in the air at instantaneous release... 91 00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:32,480 immediately reaches its peak and then declines due to ventilation. 92 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:34,280 At constant rate release... 93 00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:38,520 the concentration in the air increases until a maximum is reached... 94 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:41,680 and then declines due to ventilation. 95 00:05:42,760 --> 00:05:46,560 When the saturated vapour pressure is provided as an input... 96 00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:48,480 the peak reached is lower... 97 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:54,040 because the substance is also deposited onto the furniture, walls and floor. 98 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:58,000 However, the concentration of the substance in the air remains stable... 99 00:05:58,120 --> 00:06:00,080 for a longer period of time... 100 00:06:00,200 --> 00:06:04,120 because substance still evaporates from the furniture, walls and floor... 101 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:08,640 to maintaining the balance with the concentration in the air. 102 00:06:08,760 --> 00:06:13,640 In this next part of the tutorial, we will introduce you to the evaporation mode... 103 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:18,160 which is the most complex vapour mode included in ConsExpo Web. 104 00:06:18,280 --> 00:06:20,880 This mode requires the user to provide input... 105 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:24,240 on the chemical properties of the evaluated substance... 106 00:06:24,360 --> 00:06:27,120 such as vapour pressure, molecular weight... 107 00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:30,480 and whether the liquid product is made of 'pure substance'... 108 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:35,160 which means that the liquid consists of a single substance only. 109 00:06:35,280 --> 00:06:39,560 If, however, the substance is mixed into a liquid with other ingredients... 110 00:06:39,680 --> 00:06:45,080 the evaporation mode also requires input on the chemical properties of that mixture... 111 00:06:45,200 --> 00:06:48,000 such as the molecular weight matrix... 112 00:06:48,120 --> 00:06:52,680 and whether the product is diluted before the consumer uses it. 113 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:54,920 Liquid cleaning products, for example... 114 00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:59,480 are diluted in a bucket of water before they are used to clean surfaces. 115 00:06:59,600 --> 00:07:03,760 For example, if a product consists of 100% ethanol... 116 00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:06,800 you can select the substance in pure form. 117 00:07:06,920 --> 00:07:13,640 A vapour pressure of 5,950 Pa and a molecular weight of 46 g/mol... 118 00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:17,080 can be entered into the appropriate input fields. 119 00:07:17,920 --> 00:07:20,240 The ConsExpo Web evaporation mode... 120 00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:26,280 is then able to simulate an evaporation rate based on these two chemical properties. 121 00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:31,080 Note that a value of 1 as fraction or 100% as percentage... 122 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:36,360 needs to be entered into the input field 'Weight fraction substance'. 123 00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:40,080 If, however, the evaluated substance is mixed into a liquid... 124 00:07:40,200 --> 00:07:42,480 that contains other ingredients... 125 00:07:42,600 --> 00:07:47,160 ConsExpo Web needs more information to perform a simulation. 126 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:51,520 The evaporation rate is derived from the partial vapour pressure of the substance... 127 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:55,960 within the product matrix, which is based on Raoult's law. 128 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:58,680 Raoult's law states that the partial pressure... 129 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:01,960 of each component of an ideal mixture of liquids... 130 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:06,440 is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure component, liquid or solid... 131 00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:10,120 multiplied by its molecular fraction in the mixture. 132 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:13,000 In other words, the partial vapour pressure in a substance... 133 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:14,880 in a liquid consumer product... 134 00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:19,680 is estimated by multiplying the molecular fraction of the substance in the product... 135 00:08:19,800 --> 00:08:21,240 by its vapour pressure. 136 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:25,600 The molecular fraction is the amount of moles of the evaluated substance... 137 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:29,240 divided by the total amount of moles in the mixture. 138 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:34,320 ConsExpo Web includes an input field called 'Molecular weight matrix'... 139 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:37,720 for simulations that are based on Raoult's law. 140 00:08:37,840 --> 00:08:41,960 Here is a brief example to explain how to enter the appropriate value... 141 00:08:42,080 --> 00:08:44,720 for the molecular weight matrix. 142 00:08:44,840 --> 00:08:48,320 The liquid product in the example is an ideal mixture... 143 00:08:48,440 --> 00:08:55,120 that consists of 75% water, 15% methanol and 10% ethanol. 144 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:57,520 Note that these are weight fractions. 145 00:08:57,640 --> 00:09:00,840 Ethanol is the substance to be evaluated. 146 00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:04,640 You need to obtain the molecular weights of the other ingredients... 147 00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:09,720 and derive their respective amounts in mole per gram of liquid product... 148 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:14,040 which you can calculate by dividing the weight fraction of the ingredient... 149 00:09:14,160 --> 00:09:16,160 by its molecular weight. 150 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:20,480 The evaluated substance, in this example ethanol... 151 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:25,480 is considered to be separate from the molecular matrix into which it is mixed. 152 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:28,600 The information on ethanol is therefore crossed out. 153 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:33,680 The molecular weight matrix is then calculated by dividing the number 1... 154 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:39,080 by the sum of the amounts in mole per gram of product of the other ingredients. 155 00:09:39,200 --> 00:09:45,600 In this example, the molecular weight matrix is 21.6 g/mol. 156 00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:51,520 In practice, however, the entire composition of the liquid product is often unknown. 157 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:58,320 In this example, the mixture consists of 70% water and 5% unknown ingredients. 158 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:04,160 Despite this lack of data, you can still enter a value for the molecular weight matrix. 159 00:10:04,280 --> 00:10:06,880 The molecular weight matrix is then calculated... 160 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:12,640 using the molecular weights and mass fractions of the ingredients that are known. 161 00:10:12,760 --> 00:10:19,680 In this example, the molecular weight matrix is at most 22.9 g/mol... 162 00:10:19,800 --> 00:10:25,080 as the inclusion of any other ingredient would lower the calculated value. 163 00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:28,520 ConsExpo Web's simulated concentrations in the air... 164 00:10:28,640 --> 00:10:32,400 increase when the molecular weight matrix is increased... 165 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:37,120 so an estimate of the molecular weight matrix value with missing ingredients... 166 00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:39,560 is a conservative approach. 167 00:10:39,680 --> 00:10:41,520 Note that the molecular weight matrix... 168 00:10:41,640 --> 00:10:45,800 does not include the evaluated substance itself. 169 00:10:45,920 --> 00:10:50,960 If, for example, the substance of methanol is evaluated instead of ethanol... 170 00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:54,840 the value of the molecular weight matrix based on other ingredients... 171 00:10:54,960 --> 00:10:58,520 would be 24.4 g/mol. 172 00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:02,720 In some scenarios, the product is diluted before use. 173 00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:07,280 Common examples are surface cleaning products diluted in a bucket of water... 174 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:10,280 before the consumer starts to treat surfaces... 175 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:15,320 or a dishwashing detergent that is diluted in the hot water of a sink or bowl. 176 00:11:15,440 --> 00:11:19,440 In these cases, the evaporation rate is affected by the dilution... 177 00:11:19,560 --> 00:11:24,640 as the product containing the evaluated substance is a mixture as well. 178 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:28,120 Here, we briefly explain how to enter the appropriate value... 179 00:11:28,240 --> 00:11:31,320 for the number of times the product is diluted. 180 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:33,640 The number of times a product is diluted... 181 00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:37,040 is derived by dividing the weight of the product used... 182 00:11:37,160 --> 00:11:39,720 by the weight of the overall mixture. 183 00:11:39,840 --> 00:11:42,320 Products are most often diluted in water... 184 00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:45,920 which has a density of 1 milligram per millilitre. 185 00:11:46,040 --> 00:11:51,200 If 10 g of product is diluted in 200 ml of water... 186 00:11:51,320 --> 00:11:55,960 the resulting overall mixture weighs 210 g. 187 00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:58,800 The number of times the product is diluted... 188 00:11:58,920 --> 00:12:01,720 is the sum of the product and solvent amount... 189 00:12:01,840 --> 00:12:05,120 in this case 200 g plus 10 g... 190 00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:09,400 divided by the product amount, in this case 10 g. 191 00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:14,200 In this example, the product is diluted 21 times. 192 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:16,640 Evaporation is determined by the difference... 193 00:12:16,760 --> 00:12:18,840 between the vapour pressure in the air... 194 00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:22,920 and the saturated vapour pressure of the substance in the product. 195 00:12:23,040 --> 00:12:26,720 The rate of evaporation is proportional to this pressure difference... 196 00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:33,120 and depends on the surface area of the product and the mass transfer coefficient. 197 00:12:33,240 --> 00:12:38,240 This mass transfer coefficient is a measure of how slowly or quickly... 198 00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:43,360 the evaporated substance is transferred from the product surface into the air. 199 00:12:43,480 --> 00:12:46,520 The mass transfer coefficient accounts for the fact... 200 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:49,240 that emission from a product is limited... 201 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:53,880 due to the presence of a stagnant layer of air over the product surface... 202 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:58,080 through which the substance must diffuse to reach the air in the room. 203 00:12:58,200 --> 00:13:01,840 The mass transfer coefficient depends on a number of factors... 204 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:06,920 such as the substance’s molecular weight, the air flow over the product... 205 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:10,040 and the surface roughness of the product. 206 00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:14,520 The most recent ConsExpo Web fact sheets suggest a default value... 207 00:13:14,640 --> 00:13:18,600 for the mass transfer coefficient of 10 meters per hour. 208 00:13:18,720 --> 00:13:21,760 Options to calculate a mass transfer coefficient... 209 00:13:21,880 --> 00:13:24,320 using the Langmuir and Thibodeaux methods... 210 00:13:24,440 --> 00:13:29,720 are mentioned in earlier fact sheets, but are considered less appropriate. 211 00:13:29,840 --> 00:13:34,120 The methods are still available in ConsExpo Web as legacy features... 212 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:38,840 mainly for the purpose of re-evaluating consumer exposure simulations... 213 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:40,640 performed in the past. 214 00:13:40,760 --> 00:13:42,640 The evaporation mode gives the option... 215 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:47,120 to simulate the release of a vapour from a ‘constant release area’... 216 00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:50,240 meaning that the area from which the substance evaporates... 217 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:53,080 does not change over time. 218 00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:57,040 Examples of constant release areas include an opened bottle... 219 00:13:57,160 --> 00:14:01,320 a carpet with stains or kitchen sinks. 220 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:03,720 Appropriate values for such release areas... 221 00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:07,640 are presented in ConsExpo Web fact sheets. 222 00:14:07,760 --> 00:14:09,920 The emission duration refers to the time... 223 00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:13,920 during which the substance may evaporate from the release area. 224 00:14:14,040 --> 00:14:18,280 For example, a carpet stain treated with a cleaning product is left to soak... 225 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:20,680 before it is wiped clean. 226 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:24,960 In that case, the emission duration refers to the soaking period. 227 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:26,960 Other examples of emission duration... 228 00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:31,240 include the time between the moment at which a product is mixed into a bucket... 229 00:14:31,360 --> 00:14:34,280 and the moment the bucket is flushed down the drain... 230 00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:38,120 or the time between the moment the lid of a paint bucket is removed... 231 00:14:38,240 --> 00:14:40,520 and the moment it is replaced. 232 00:14:40,640 --> 00:14:44,080 The evaporation mode also gives the option to simulate release... 233 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:47,920 from a release area that increases in size over time... 234 00:14:48,040 --> 00:14:51,840 or an ‘increasing release area’. 235 00:14:51,960 --> 00:14:54,840 Increasing release areas are relevant in scenarios... 236 00:14:54,960 --> 00:15:00,440 in which the product is applied onto a surface that increases in size over time. 237 00:15:00,560 --> 00:15:05,080 ConsExpo Web then corrects for the fact that the release area is not as large... 238 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:09,200 at the beginning of the consumer exposure as at the end. 239 00:15:09,320 --> 00:15:14,400 Typical examples of exposure scenarios that involve an increasing release area... 240 00:15:14,520 --> 00:15:19,440 include painting a wall or mopping a floor with a cleaning product. 241 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:23,440 The application duration refers to the time it takes for the consumer... 242 00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:27,040 to apply the product onto such a surface area. 243 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:31,760 For example, ConsExpo Web fact sheets indicate that it takes 20 minutes... 244 00:15:31,880 --> 00:15:35,880 to treat a surface area of 22 m². 245 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:39,440 The application duration is therefore 20 minutes. 246 00:15:39,560 --> 00:15:43,440 Here you can see the effect of an increasing or constant release... 247 00:15:43,560 --> 00:15:46,280 on the concentration in the air over time. 248 00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:49,480 In scenarios with an increasing release area... 249 00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:52,720 the concentration in the air gradually increases... 250 00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:55,680 as more product is being applied onto the surface... 251 00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:58,600 from which a substance evaporates. 252 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:03,960 The concentration in the air still increases after the application duration ends. 253 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:07,280 Here, the substance still evaporates from the release area... 254 00:16:07,400 --> 00:16:11,760 while ventilation removes the substance released earlier from the air. 255 00:16:11,880 --> 00:16:14,360 In the case of a constant release area... 256 00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:19,280 the concentration in the air increases until the moment emission stops... 257 00:16:19,400 --> 00:16:23,280 and ventilation removes the remaining substance from the air. 258 00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:26,560 In summary, we have used this tutorial to demonstrate... 259 00:16:26,680 --> 00:16:32,120 how to select the appropriate vapour mode that fits your consumer exposure scenario... 260 00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:35,400 and how to make sure to check the appropriate boxes... 261 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:38,600 and insert appropriate values into the input fields... 262 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:41,520 that are specific to the instantaneous release... 263 00:16:41,640 --> 00:16:45,080 constant rate or evaporation modes. 264 00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:47,800 We hope that this tutorial has been helpful. 265 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:54,400 In a later tutorial, we will tell you more about the evaporation mode. 266 00:16:54,520 --> 00:16:58,720 We would like to acknowledge all partners in the ConsExpo project. 267 00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:00,360 Health Canada... 268 00:17:00,480 --> 00:17:05,920 the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety... 269 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:09,640 the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment... 270 00:17:09,760 --> 00:17:12,760 the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health... 271 00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:16,800 the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority... 272 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:20,840 and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.