1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:04,560 SILENCE 2 00:00:04,720 --> 00:00:06,600 The motivation for this study was 3 00:00:06,760 --> 00:00:09,800 that medicine shortages have an impact on patients. 4 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:12,400 Patients can have to switch to another label, 5 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:18,160 to another active ingredient or the active ingredient is totally absent. 6 00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:24,560 Most studies are now based on surveys or on anecdotes, but not on hard data, 7 00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:26,640 and this study is. 8 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:32,440 And by determining risk factors and understanding medicine shortages, 9 00:00:32,600 --> 00:00:37,040 we can help to lessen the impact for patients. 10 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:41,320 The results, up until now, are based on one data set. 11 00:00:41,480 --> 00:00:46,640 It is based on the reporting system from the Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association, 12 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:50,600 where pharmacies voluntarily report their shortages. 13 00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:54,760 We're going to have a closer look at the data from authorities 14 00:00:54,920 --> 00:01:00,920 where the marketing authorisation holders mandatorily report their shortages. 15 00:01:01,080 --> 00:01:05,560 The results are now mainly based on observations from practice. 16 00:01:05,720 --> 00:01:07,600 When we look at the number of shortages, 17 00:01:07,760 --> 00:01:10,680 we see an increase especially in temporary shortages. 18 00:01:10,840 --> 00:01:15,200 The number of permanent shortages is stable. 19 00:01:16,200 --> 00:01:20,400 Looking at the difference between patented and off-patented medicine, 20 00:01:20,560 --> 00:01:26,400 we see an increase of the patented medicine up until 2009, 21 00:01:26,560 --> 00:01:29,440 and then the share of patented and off-patented medicine 22 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:32,200 is about 50 percent each. 23 00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:35,160 Looking at the causes of medicine shortages, 24 00:01:35,320 --> 00:01:37,800 we compared our results to the U.S. 25 00:01:37,960 --> 00:01:40,720 And we see a difference in manufacturing problems, 26 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:44,160 and also a difference in business decisions. 27 00:01:44,320 --> 00:01:48,040 It is hard to draw hard conclusions, 28 00:01:48,200 --> 00:01:54,960 because a very large part of the causes are unknown in the US. 29 00:01:56,360 --> 00:01:59,280 Since 1 January 2017, 30 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:04,080 the Medicine shortages and defects notification centre has been introduced. 31 00:02:04,240 --> 00:02:09,560 Marketing authorisation holders have to report their shortages to the authority, 32 00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:14,800 leading to sooner awareness of the shortages in practice.